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MD022 - Add blank lines around headings

Aliases: blanks-around-headings

What this rule does

Checks that headings have blank lines before and after them to improve readability and document structure.

Why this matters

  • Better readability: Blank lines create visual separation, making content easier to scan
  • Clear structure: Spacing helps readers understand the document hierarchy
  • Consistent rendering: Many Markdown processors require blank lines for proper formatting
  • Professional appearance: Well-spaced documents look more polished and organized

Examples

✅ Correct

Some introductory text here.

# Main Heading

This is the content under the main heading.

## Subheading

More content follows here.

### Another Section

And even more content.

❌ Incorrect

Some introductory text here.
# Main Heading
This is the content under the main heading.
## Subheading
More content follows here.
### Another Section
And even more content.

🔧 Fixed

Some introductory text here.

# Main Heading

This is the content under the main heading.

## Subheading

More content follows here.

### Another Section

And even more content.

Configuration

Basic configuration

[MD022]
lines-above = 1  # Blank lines required above headings (default: 1)
lines-below = 1  # Blank lines required below headings (default: 1)
allowed-at-start = true  # Allow headings at document start without blank line above (default: true)

Per-level configuration

You can specify different spacing requirements for each heading level (h1-h6) using arrays:

[MD022]
# Different spacing for each level: [h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6]
lines-above = [2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]  # h1 needs 2 blank lines above, others need 1
lines-below = [1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0]  # h4-h6 don't need blank lines below

Use -1 to inherit the default value for a specific level:

[MD022]
lines-above = [-1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]  # h1 uses default (1), h2 needs 2 blank lines
lines-below = [1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1]  # h1 needs 1, others use default

This is useful when you want:

  • More space before top-level headings for visual separation
  • Less space around deeply nested headings
  • Different spacing conventions for different document sections

Automatic fixes

This rule automatically adds the required number of blank lines:

  • Before headings (except at the start of a document)
  • After headings (except at the end of a document)

Learn more

  • MD001: Use consistent heading levels
  • MD003: Use consistent heading style
  • MD023: Start headings at the beginning of lines
  • MD041: First line should be a top-level heading